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Visual Paired Associates Memory (VPAM) Test - Complete Specification Document

1. Test Overview

1.1 Definition

The Visual Paired Associates Memory Test measures an individual's ability to learn, store, and retrieve associations between two unrelated visual items. It evaluates associative memory, encoding strength, memory consolidation, forgetting rates, and the difference between recall and recognition abilities.

1.2 Core Cognitive Abilities Measured

Associative Memory: Ability to link two unrelated items together
Encoding Strength: How well information is initially learned
Memory Retention: Ability to maintain information over time
Memory Consolidation: Stabilization of memories during rest periods
Forgetting Rate: Amount of information lost over time
Recall vs Recognition: Difference between active retrieval and passive identification

1.3 Test Structure Overview

Phase 1: Encoding (35 pairs) - Learning only, no responses
Phase 2: Immediate Cued Recall (35 trials) - Test right after learning
Phase 3: Delay Interval (15 minutes) - Filler tasks to prevent rehearsal
Phase 4: Delayed Cued Recall (35 trials) - Test after consolidation period
Phase 5: Recognition (35 trials) - Multiple choice identification

Total Duration: ~35-45 minutes
Total Data Points: 105 trials (35 immediate + 35 delayed + 35 recognition)

2. Age Group Specifications

2.1 Adolescents (14-18 years)

Timing Parameters:

Encoding exposure: 3.5 seconds per pair
Recall response window: 15 seconds per trial
Recognition response window: 4 seconds per trial

Visual Design:

Background: Colorful gradient (engaging, age-appropriate)
Stimulus pairs: Everyday objects familiar to adolescents
Font style: Rounded, friendly
Color scheme: Bright, vibrant colors

Language Style:

Casual, encouraging tone
Examples: "Great job!", "Let's go!", "You've got this!"
Use "game" instead of "task"
Emphasize fun and challenge

Stimulus Set:

35 pairs of common objects
Items: Pen, Kite, Butterfly, Spoon, Elephant, Mango, etc.
Images should be colorful, clear, recognizable

2.2 Adults (18-22 years)

Timing Parameters:

Encoding exposure: 2.5 seconds per pair
Recall response window: 15 seconds per trial
Recognition response window: 4 seconds per trial

Visual Design:

Background: Soft neutral (professional, clinical)
Stimulus pairs: Everyday objects and household items
Font style: Clean, professional
Color scheme: Muted, neutral tones

Language Style:

Formal, concise tone
Examples: "Well done", "Proceed", "Begin task"
Use "task" instead of "game"
Professional research language

Stimulus Set:

35 pairs of common household/everyday items
Items: Mixer, Spectacles, Mobile Phone, Water Tap, Lemon, Socks, etc.
Images should be clear, realistic, high-quality

3. Test Phases - Detailed Breakdown

3.1 Phase 0: Introduction & Generic Instructions

Purpose: Orient participant to the overall task structure

Screen Layout:

Title: "Memory Test" or "Memory Game"
Age group selector (if applicable)
Generic instructions panel
"Let's Go!" button to begin

Generic Instruction (All Participants):

"In this game, you will see pictures of everyday things. Some of these 
pictures will be shown together as pairs. Your task is to pay close 
attention and try to remember which ones are being presented as pairs, 
because later we will test your memory in different ways. Sometimes you 
will have to write the missing item, and sometimes you will choose it 
from a few options. Let's get started!"

Implementation Notes:

Display before encoding phase begins
Required "Let's Go!" button click to proceed
No timer - participant-paced

3.2 Phase 1: Encoding Phase

Purpose:

Present all 35 pairs for initial learning
Allow participant to form associations
Create memory traces for later testing

Screen Layout:

White box centered on screen
Two images displayed side-by-side within the box
No response buttons or input fields
Clean, distraction-free interface

Timing Flow:

For each of 35 pairs:
1. Display pair images in white box
2. Hold for exposure duration (3.5s or 2.5s based on age)
3. Clear screen (brief blank: 100-200ms)
4. Show next pair
5. After pair 35 → transition to Immediate Recall

Progression:

Fully automatic - no user input required
No skipping allowed
No going back to previous pairs
Fixed predetermined order (see Section 10)

Age-Specific Instructions:

Adolescents:

"You will see two pictures appear inside a box on the screen. Just look 
carefully and try to remember which pictures are being presented as pairs. 
You don't need to press anything. Each pair will disappear after a few 
seconds, so focus while it is on the screen."

Adults:

"You will see two items presented together inside a box. Your task is to 
observe carefully and remember which items are being presented as pairs. 
You don't need to press anything. Each pair will only remain on screen 
briefly, so focus while it is shown."

Critical Rules:

✅ Display all 35 pairs in exact sequence
✅ Use precise timing (3.5s or 2.5s)
✅ No participant interaction during encoding
✅ Automatic progression only
❌ DO NOT allow skipping
❌ DO NOT show trial numbers or progress bars during encoding
❌ DO NOT randomize pair order

3.3 Phase 2: Immediate Cued Recall

Purpose:

Measure initial learning strength
Test short-term retention
Establish baseline for comparison with delayed recall

Screen Layout:

Cue image displayed in white box at top-center
Text input field below the cue
Placeholder text: "Type the paired item here"
Submit button (optional - Enter key also works)
Timer display showing remaining time (optional)

Trial Flow:

For each of 35 trials:
1. Display cue image (one item from a learned pair)
2. Show text input field
3. Start 15-second timer
4. Wait for response OR timeout
5. Record response and reaction time
6. Clear screen (brief 200ms)
7. Next trial

After trial 35 → Transition to Delay Interval

Response Handling:

If response given before timeout:

Record typed text exactly as entered
Record reaction time (stimulus onset to Enter press)
Mark trial as "answered"
Immediately advance to next trial

If timeout (15 seconds elapsed):

Display "Time is up!" message (centered, full-screen)
Show for 1 second
Record trial as "no response" / "timeout"
Reaction time = null
Advance to next trial

Response Validation:

Accept any text input (no autocorrect or suggestions)
Case-insensitive matching during scoring
Trim leading/trailing whitespace
Record exact text for later analysis

Age-Specific Instructions:

Adolescents:

"Great job learning the pairs! Now, one item from each pair will appear 
by itself. Your task is to write the item that goes with it. Try to 
answer quickly — you'll have a short time for each one.

Remember: write the exact item that was paired. Don't just write a 
general category, color, or size — focus on the specific item.

Example: If you see 🍎 Apple and it was paired with 🪑 Chair, write 
'Chair', not 'furniture' or 'brown chair' or 'big chair'."

Adults:

"You've just seen all the pairs. Now, a single item from each pair will 
appear alone. Your task is to type the item that was originally paired 
with it. Respond quickly—each trial has a time limit.

Type the exact, specific item that was paired. Avoid general categories 
or descriptions."

Cue Order (Fixed Sequence):

Present cues in predetermined order (different from encoding order)
Cue can be either first or second item from the pair
See Section 10 for exact trial sequences

Critical Rules:

✅ 15-second response window per trial
✅ Record all responses verbatim
✅ Show "Time is up!" on timeout
✅ Fixed cue order (no randomization)
❌ DO NOT provide feedback on correctness
❌ DO NOT show score during testing
❌ DO NOT allow going back to previous trials

3.4 Phase 3: Delay Interval (15 Minutes)

Purpose:

Allow memory consolidation to occur
Prevent active rehearsal of pairs
Measure forgetting and retention over time
Simulate real-world memory demands

Duration: Exactly 15 minutes

Implementation:

Display transition message
Launch filler task battery
Track total elapsed time
Automatically return to Delayed Recall after 15 minutes

Filler Tasks (In Sequence):

Response Inhibition Task (Go/No-Go) - ~5-7 minutes
Cognitive Flexibility Task - ~5 minutes
Stroop Task (Attention) - ~3-5 minutes

Transition Instructions:

Adolescents:

"Great job looking at all the pairs! Before we test your memory, you'll 
play a few short brain-teaser games. These games are like a quick workout 
for your mind. Once you're done, we'll bring you back to check how many 
pairs you can remember!"

Adults:

"Well done—you've completed the first part. Next, you'll do a few short 
thinking activities designed to keep your mind active while your memory 
continues to work in the background. After that, we'll return to test how 
well you remember the pairs."

Critical Rules:

✅ Maintain exactly 15 minutes of delay
✅ Use engaging filler tasks (prevent boredom)
✅ Prevent rehearsal of memory pairs
✅ Track timing precisely
❌ DO NOT allow participant to review pairs
❌ DO NOT mention specific pairs during filler tasks
❌ DO NOT skip or shorten delay interval

Return Transition: After 15 minutes, display brief message before Delayed Recall:

Adolescents: "Time's up! Let's see how much you remember."
Adults: "The delay period is complete. We will now test your memory again."

3.5 Phase 4: Delayed Cued Recall

Purpose:

Measure memory retention after consolidation
Assess forgetting rate
Compare performance to immediate recall
Evaluate long-term memory strength

Screen Layout:

Identical to Immediate Cued Recall
Cue image in white box
Text input field
15-second timer

Trial Flow:

For each of 35 trials:
1. Display cue image (same pairs, different cue order)
2. Show text input field
3. Start 15-second timer
4. Wait for response OR timeout
5. Record response and reaction time
6. Clear screen
7. Next trial

After trial 35 → Transition to Recognition Phase

Response Handling:

Same as Immediate Recall
15-second timeout
"Time is up!" message on timeout
Record exact text and reaction time

Age-Specific Instructions:

Adolescents:

"Welcome back to the memory game you played earlier! Remember, you saw 
pairs of items and tried to learn which ones go together. Now, again, one 
item from each pair will appear alone. Your task is to write the item that 
goes with it. You'll have a short time for each one, so try to answer 
quickly. If you don't respond in time, the game will say 'Time is up!' and 
move on to the next item.

Write the exact item that goes with the one you see. Don't just write a 
general category, color, or size of the object—try to remember the 
specific pair.

Example: If you see 🍎 Apple and it was paired with 🪑 Chair, write 
'Chair', not 'furniture' or 'brown chair' or 'big chair'."

Adults:

"We're returning to the memory task you did before. Earlier, you learned 
pairs of items and tried to remember which ones belonged together. In this 
part, again, a single item from each pair will appear alone. Your task is 
to type the item that was originally paired with it. Each trial has a 
15-second time limit.

Type the exact, specific item that was paired. Avoid general categories 
or descriptions."

Cue Order (Fixed Sequence):

Different from Immediate Recall cue order
Different from Encoding presentation order
See Section 10 for exact sequences

Critical Rules:

✅ Same 15-second response window as Immediate Recall
✅ Present all 35 pairs again
✅ Different cue order than Immediate Recall
✅ Cue can be reversed (if Item A was cue in immediate, Item B might be cue in delayed)
❌ DO NOT provide feedback on correctness
❌ DO NOT show comparison to immediate recall performance

3.6 Phase 5: Recognition Phase

Purpose:

Test recognition memory (easier than recall)
Distinguish retrieval failure from complete memory loss
Measure accuracy under time pressure
Compare recognition to recall performance

Screen Layout:

Cue image displayed at top in white box
Three option buttons arranged horizontally at bottom
Each option shows an image with white border
Light blue highlight on hover/selection
Timer display (optional)

Option Types:

Correct Target: The actual paired item from encoding
Related Distractor: Similar category item (e.g., another animal if target is animal)
Unrelated Distractor: Completely different category

Trial Flow:

For each of 35 trials:
1. Display cue image at top
2. Display 3 options in RANDOMIZED positions
3. Start 4-second timer
4. Wait for selection OR timeout
5. Record choice and reaction time
6. Brief feedback (light blue highlight on selected option - 200ms)
7. Clear screen
8. Next trial

After trial 35 → Show completion message

Response Handling:

If response given before timeout:

Record which option was selected (1, 2, or 3)
Record reaction time
Show brief visual confirmation (blue highlight)
Immediately advance to next trial

If timeout (4 seconds elapsed):

Display "Time is up!" message (1 second)
Record trial as "no response"
Reaction time = null
Advance to next trial

Option Randomization:

Position of correct answer randomized each trial
Position of distractors randomized each trial
Prevents position-based strategies (e.g., "always pick middle")
Record which position contained correct answer

Age-Specific Instructions:

Adolescents:

"Next, you'll see one picture at the top of the screen. Below it, you'll 
see three choices. Your job is to pick the picture that was originally 
paired with the one on top. Be quick—you'll only have a few seconds for 
each choice."

Adults:

"In this final part, you'll again see one item at the top of the screen. 
Below it, three choices will be shown. Select the item that was originally 
paired with the one on top. Be ready—each trial only lasts a few seconds. 
If you don't tap the suitable choice on time, the game will say 'Time is 
up!' and move on."

Distractor Selection Logic:

Related Distractor:

Same category as target (animal → animal, food → food, tool → tool)
Visually or semantically similar
Examples:
- Target: Horse → Related: Cow, Zebra, Donkey
- Target: Hammer → Related: Wrench, Screwdriver
- Target: Apple → Related: Mango, Orange, Lemon

Unrelated Distractor:

Completely different category
No semantic or visual similarity
Examples:
- Target: Horse → Unrelated: Laptop, Carrot, Rainbow
- Target: Hammer → Unrelated: Fish, Cloud, Book

Critical Rules:

✅ 4-second response window (much faster than recall)
✅ Randomize option positions every trial
✅ Use appropriate distractors (1 related, 1 unrelated)
✅ Show visual confirmation on selection
❌ DO NOT use same position for correct answer multiple times in a row
❌ DO NOT provide verbal feedback on correctness
❌ DO NOT show score during testing

3.7 Completion & Thank You Screen

Purpose:

Signal end of test
Thank participant
Provide transition to next task or end session

Age-Specific Messages:

Adolescents:

"That's it! You've finished this memory game. Great work!"

Adults:

"This concludes the memory task. Thank you for your participation."

Implementation:

Display for 3-5 seconds
Option to proceed to next task or view summary
Do NOT show scores to participant (for researcher review only)

4. Stimulus Pairs - Complete Lists

4.1 Adolescent Stimulus Pairs (35 Pairs)

Encoding Order (Fixed):

1.  Pen + Kite
2.  Butterfly + Spoon
3.  Elephant + Mango
4.  Lock + Flute
5.  Notebook + Cow
6.  Eraser + Cup
7.  Tomato + Bag
8.  Heart + Scissors
9.  Drum + Goat
10. Phone + Auto
11. Table + Parrot
12. Robot + Chair
13. Ship + Potato
14. Pencil + Dice
15. Belt + Lemon
16. Hibiscus + Bike
17. Carrot + Peacock
18. Candle + Balloon
19. Fork + Bulb
20. Sharpener + Lotus
21. Shirt + Banana
22. Chain + Jug
23. Hand + Rat
24. Television + Coconut
25. Book + Key
26. Shoe + Ears
27. Dog + Crown
28. Cloud + Mirror
29. Cycle + Plate
30. Pig + Clock
31. Watch + Crayon
32. Leaf + Pant
33. Door + Apple
34. Hat + Ring
35. Bucket + Monkey

4.2 Adult Stimulus Pairs (35 Pairs)

Encoding Order (Fixed):

1.  Mixer + Spectacles
2.  Mobile Phone + Water Tap
3.  Lemon + Socks
4.  Plane + Lamp
5.  Pillow + Mug
6.  Bowl + Switch
7.  Helmet + Rose
8.  Shark + Fan
9.  Sun + Table
10. Rock + Peas
11. Chilli + Hen
12. Window + Orange
13. Purse + Hammer
14. Zebra + Almonds
15. Ball + Nose
16. Rope + Ice Cream
17. Horse + Umbrella
18. Nose + Cauliflower
19. Pen + Chair
20. Clock + Dustbin
21. Laptop + Moon
22. Crocodile + Brush
23. Cup + Rainbow
24. Scooter + Calendar
25. Camel + Key
26. Bank + Watermelon
27. Jug + Beetle
28. Iron Box + Strawberry
29. Sunflower + Ladder
30. Screwdriver + Garlic
31. Basket + Train
32. Camera + Starfish
33. Lady's Finger + Candle
34. Torch Light + Mat
35. Cherry + Mirror

5. Trial Sequences - Exact Order

5.1 Immediate Cued Recall - Adolescents

Cue Order (which item is shown):

1.  Kite → [Target: Pen]
2.  Butterfly → [Target: Spoon]
3.  Mango → [Target: Elephant]
4.  Flute → [Target: Lock]
5.  Notebook → [Target: Cow]
6.  Eraser → [Target: Cup]
7.  Bag → [Target: Tomato]
8.  Heart → [Target: Scissors]
9.  Drum → [Target: Goat]
10. Auto → [Target: Phone]
11. Parrot → [Target: Table]
12. Robot → [Target: Chair]
13. Potato → [Target: Ship]
14. Dice → [Target: Pencil]
15. Belt → [Target: Lemon]
16. Bike → [Target: Hibiscus]
17. Peacock → [Target: Carrot]
18. Balloon → [Target: Candle]
19. Bulb → [Target: Fork]
20. Sharpener → [Target: Lotus]
21. Banana → [Target: Shirt]
22. Jug → [Target: Chain]
23. Rat → [Target: Hand]
24. Coconut → [Target: Television]
25. Key → [Target: Book]
26. Ears → [Target: Shoe]
27. Dog → [Target: Crown]
28. Mirror → [Target: Cloud]
29. Plate → [Target: Cycle]
30. Clock → [Target: Pig]
31. Crayon → [Target: Watch]
32. Pant → [Target: Leaf]
33. Apple → [Target: Door]
34. Ring → [Target: Hat]
35. Monkey → [Target: Bucket]

5.2 Immediate Cued Recall - Adults

Cue Order:

1.  Spectacles → [Target: Mixer]
2.  Water Tap → [Target: Mobile Phone]
3.  Socks → [Target: Lemon]
4.  Lamp → [Target: Plane]
5.  Mug → [Target: Pillow]
6.  Bowl → [Target: Switch]
7.  Rose → [Target: Helmet]
8.  Fan → [Target: Shark]
9.  Table → [Target: Sun]
10. Peas → [Target: Rock]
11. Hen → [Target: Chilli]
12. Orange → [Target: Window]
13. Hammer → [Target: Purse]
14. Almonds → [Target: Zebra]
15. Nose → [Target: Ball]
16. Ice Cream → [Target: Rope]
17. Umbrella → [Target: Horse]
18. Cauliflower → [Target: Nose]
19. Chair → [Target: Pen]
20. Dustbin → [Target: Clock]
21. Moon → [Target: Laptop]
22. Brush → [Target: Crocodile]
23. Rainbow → [Target: Cup]
24. Calendar → [Target: Scooter]
25. Camel → [Target: Key]
26. Watermelon → [Target: Bank]
27. Beetle → [Target: Jug]
28. Strawberry → [Target: Iron Box]
29. Ladder → [Target: Sunflower]
30. Garlic → [Target: Screwdriver]
31. Train → [Target: Basket]
32. Starfish → [Target: Camera]
33. Candle → [Target: Lady's Finger]
34. Mat → [Target: Torch Light]
35. Mirror → [Target: Cherry]

5.3 Delayed Cued Recall - Adolescents

Cue Order (Note: Some cues are REVERSED from Immediate):

1.  Pen → [Target: Kite]
2.  Spoon → [Target: Butterfly]
3.  Elephant → [Target: Mango]
4.  Lock → [Target: Flute]
5.  Cow → [Target: Notebook]
6.  Cup → [Target: Eraser]
7.  Tomato → [Target: Bag]
8.  Scissors → [Target: Heart]
9.  Goat → [Target: Drum]
10. Phone → [Target: Auto]
11. Table → [Target: Parrot]
12. Chair → [Target: Robot]
13. Ship → [Target: Potato]
14. Pencil → [Target: Dice]
15. Lemon → [Target: Belt]
16. Hibiscus → [Target: Bike]
17. Carrot → [Target: Peacock]
18. Candle → [Target: Balloon]
19. Fork → [Target: Bulb]
20. Lotus → [Target: Sharpener]
21. Shirt → [Target: Banana]
22. Chain → [Target: Jug]
23. Hand → [Target: Rat]
24. Television → [Target: Coconut]
25. Book → [Target: Key]
26. Shoe → [Target: Ears]
27. Crown → [Target: Dog]
28. Cloud → [Target: Mirror]
29. Cycle → [Target: Plate]
30. Pig → [Target: Clock]
31. Watch → [Target: Crayon]
32. Leaf → [Target: Pant]
33. Door → [Target: Apple]
34. Hat → [Target: Ring]
35. Bucket → [Target: Monkey]

5.4 Delayed Cued Recall - Adults

Cue Order (Note: Some cues are REVERSED from Immediate):

1.  Mixer → [Target: Spectacles]
2.  Mobile Phone → [Target: Water Tap]
3.  Lemon → [Target: Socks]
4.  Plane → [Target: Lamp]
5.  Pillow → [Target: Mug]
6.  Bowl → [Target: Switch]
7.  Helmet → [Target: Rose]
8.  Shark → [Target: Fan]
9.  Sun → [Target: Table]
10. Rock → [Target: Peas]
11. Chilli → [Target: Hen]
12. Window → [Target: Orange]
13. Purse → [Target: Hammer]
14. Zebra → [Target: Almonds]
15. Ball → [Target: Nose]
16. Rope → [Target: Ice Cream]
17. Horse → [Target: Umbrella]
18. Nose → [Target: Cauliflower]
19. Pen → [Target: Chair]
20. Clock → [Target: Dustbin]
21. Laptop → [Target: Moon]
22. Crocodile → [Target: Brush]
23. Cup → [Target: Rainbow]
24. Scooter → [Target: Calendar]
25. Key → [Target: Camel]
26. Bank → [Target: Watermelon]
27. Jug → [Target: Beetle]
28. Iron Box → [Target: Strawberry]
29. Sunflower → [Target: Ladder]
30. Screwdriver → [Target: Garlic]
31. Basket → [Target: Train]
32. Camera → [Target: Starfish]
33. Lady's Finger → [Target: Candle]
34. Torch Light → [Target: Mat]
35. Cherry → [Target: Mirror]

5.5 Recognition Phase - Adolescents

Format: Cue | Correct Target | Related Distractor | Unrelated Distractor

1.  Pen | Kite | Parachute | Apple
2.  Butterfly | Spoon | Fork | Cow
3.  Elephant | Mango | Banana | Spoon
4.  Lock | Flute | Drum | Dolphin
5.  Notebook | Cow | Horse | Apple
6.  Eraser | Cup | Mug | Dolphin
7.  Tomato | Bag | Basket | Cow
8.  Heart | Scissors | Knife | Horse
9.  Drum | Goat | Cow | Spoon
10. Phone | Auto | Bike | Apple
11. Table | Parrot | Peacock | Dolphin
12. Robot | Chair | Table | Cow
13. Ship | Potato | Carrot | Horse
14. Pencil | Dice | Cards | Dolphin
15. Belt | Lemon | Orange | Spoon
16. Hibiscus | Bike | Cycle | Apple
17. Carrot | Peacock | Parrot | Cow
18. Candle | Balloon | Ball | Horse
19. Fork | Bulb | Lamp | Dolphin
20. Sharpener | Lotus | Spoon | [unrelated]
21. Shirt | Banana | Tie | Dolphin
22. Chain | Jug | Earrings | Cucumber
23. Hand | Rat | Leg | Cycle
24. Television | Coconut | Radio | Horse
25. Book | Key | Notebook | Duck
26. Shoe | Ear | Nose | Corn
27. Dog | Crown | Cat | Chair
28. Cloud | Mirror | Spectacles | Crab
29. Cycle | Plate | Bike | Fish
30. Pig | Clock | Donkey | Watermelon
31. Watch | Crayon | Clock | Owl
32. Leaf | Pant | Grass | Crocodile
33. Door | Apple | Window | Octopus
34. Hat | Ring | Cap | Tea
35. Bucket | Monkey | Basket | Penguin

5.6 Recognition Phase - Adults

Format: Cue | Correct Target | Related Distractor | Unrelated Distractor

1.  Mixer | Spectacles | Sunglasses | Apple
2.  Mobile Phone | Water Tap | Shower | Cow
3.  Lemon | Socks | Shoe | Mango
4.  Plane | Lamp | Light | Dolphin
5.  Pillow | Mug | Cup | Apple
6.  Bowl | Switch | Button | Cow
7.  Helmet | Rose | Tulip | Horse
8.  Shark | Fan | AC | Dolphin
9.  Sun | Table | Desk | Apple
10. Rock | Peas | Beans | Cow
11. Chilli | Hen | Chicken | Horse
12. Window | Orange | Lemon | Tiger
13. Purse | Hammer | Wrench | Dog
14. Zebra | Almonds | Cashews | Horse
15. Ball | Nose | Eyes | Dolphin
16. Rope | Ice Cream | Candy | Apple
17. Horse | Umbrella | Raincoat | Cow
18. Nose | Cauliflower | Broccoli | Tiger
19. Pen | Chair | Table | Apple
20. Clock | Dustbin | Watch | Carrot
21. Laptop | Moon | Mobile Phone | Mango
22. Crocodile | Brush | Turtle | Grapes
23. Cup | Rainbow | Mug | Hen
24. Scooter | Calendar | Car | Cow
25. Camel | Key | Cow | Milk
26. Bank | Watermelon | Coconut | Zebra
27. Jug | Beetle | Flower Pot | Fish
28. Iron Box | Strawberry | Washing Machine | Horse
29. Sunflower | Ladder | Tulip | Broccoli
30. Screwdriver | Garlic | Wrench | Monkey
31. Basket | Train | Cart | Tiger
32. Camera | Starfish | Dolphin | Lemon
33. Lady's Finger | Candle | Carrot | Chair
34. Torch Light | Mat | Carpet | Dog
35. Cherry | Mirror | Strawberry | Crayon

Note: Option order must be randomized each trial. The order shown above is for reference only.

6. Timing Specifications

6.1 Phase Timing Summary

Phase	Adolescents	Adults	Notes
Encoding (per pair)	3.5 seconds	2.5 seconds	Automatic progression
Immediate Recall (per trial)	15 seconds	15 seconds	Timeout allowed
Delay Interval	15 minutes	15 minutes	Filler tasks
Delayed Recall (per trial)	15 seconds	15 seconds	Timeout allowed
Recognition (per trial)	4 seconds	4 seconds	Fast-paced

6.2 Detailed Timing Flow

Encoding Phase:

For each pair (35 total):
- Pair display: 3.5s (adolescent) / 2.5s (adult)
- Inter-stimulus blank: 100-200ms
- No waiting for response

Total encoding time:
- Adolescents: 35 × 3.5s = 122.5s ≈ 2 minutes
- Adults: 35 × 2.5s = 87.5s ≈ 1.5 minutes

Immediate Cued Recall:

For each trial (35 total):
- Cue display: Immediate (no delay)
- Response window: 15 seconds
- If response before timeout: Advance immediately
- If timeout: "Time is up!" (1 second) → Next trial
- Inter-trial blank: 200ms

Total time (if all timeouts):
- 35 × 16s = 560s ≈ 9.5 minutes

Total time (if instant responses):
- 35 × 0.5s = 17.5s ≈ 0.3 minutes

Realistic average: ~5-7 minutes

Delay Interval:

- Fixed duration: 15 minutes (900 seconds)
- Includes filler task time
- No variance allowed

Delayed Cued Recall:

Same as Immediate Recall:
- Response window: 15 seconds per trial
- Realistic average: ~5-7 minutes

Recognition Phase:

For each trial (35 total):
- Cue + options display: Immediate
- Response window: 4 seconds
- If response before timeout: Advance immediately
- If timeout: "Time is up!" (1 second) → Next trial
- Inter-trial blank: 200ms

Total time (if all timeouts):
- 35 × 5s = 175s ≈ 3 minutes

Total time (if instant responses):
- 35 × 0.5s = 17.5s ≈ 0.3 minutes

Realistic average: ~2-3 minutes

6.3 Total Test Duration

Minimum (all instant responses):

Encoding: 1.5-2 minutes
Immediate Recall: 0.5 minutes
Delay: 15 minutes
Delayed Recall: 0.5 minutes
Recognition: 0.5 minutes
Total: ~18-19 minutes

Maximum (all timeouts):

Encoding: 1.5-2 minutes
Immediate Recall: 9.5 minutes
Delay: 15 minutes
Delayed Recall: 9.5 minutes
Recognition: 3 minutes
Total: ~38-40 minutes

Realistic Average:

35-40 minutes total

7. Response Handling & Input Methods

7.1 Encoding Phase

No response required
Participant passively views pairs
Automatic progression

7.2 Recall Phases (Immediate & Delayed)

Input Methods:

Keyboard typing (desktop)
On-screen keyboard (tablet/mobile)
Stylus input (if available)
Voice-to-text (optional, not recommended)

Response Validation:

Accept any text input
No character limit (reasonable max: 50 characters)
Allow backspace/editing during response window
Trim whitespace before saving
Case-insensitive for scoring

Submit Methods:

Enter/Return key
Submit button click
Automatic submission at timeout

Timeout Behavior:

Display "Time is up!" centered, full-screen
White text on semi-transparent dark overlay
Duration: 1 second
Auto-advance to next trial

7.3 Recognition Phase

Input Methods:

Mouse click (desktop)
Touch tap (mobile/tablet)
Keyboard (1, 2, 3 keys - optional)

Response Validation:

Accept only one selection per trial
No changing answer after selection
Visual feedback on selection (light blue highlight)
Record position and item selected

Timeout Behavior:

Display "Time is up!" (same as recall)
Duration: 1 second
Auto-advance to next trial

8. Scoring & Data Collection

8.1 Data Recording Structure

Per-Trial Data (All Phases):

{
  participantId: string,
  ageGroup: 'adolescent' | 'adult',
  trialNumber: 1-35,
  phase: 'immediate_recall' | 'delayed_recall' | 'recognition',
  
  // Stimulus information
  cueName: string,          // Item shown as cue
  targetName: string,       // Correct paired item
  displayedPair: string,    // Original pair from encoding
  
  // Response data
  participantResponse: string | number,  // Text for recall, option number for recognition
  responseAccuracy: 0 | 1,  // 1 = correct, 0 = incorrect
  reactionTime: number | null,  // Milliseconds, null if timeout
  timedOut: boolean,        // True if no response within window
  
  // Recognition-specific
  recognitionOptions: array | null,  // [correct, related, unrelated]
  optionPositions: array | null,     // Which position each option was in
  selectedPosition: number | null,   // Which position participant selected
  
  // Metadata
  timestamp: number,        // Date.now()
  trialStartTime: number,   // When trial began
  trialEndTime: number      // When trial ended
}

Session Summary Data:

{
  participantId: string,
  ageGroup: 'adolescent' | 'adult',
  testDate: string,
  testDuration: number,  // Total milliseconds
  
  // Encoding phase
  encodingStartTime: number,
  encodingEndTime: number,
  
  // Immediate recall
  immediateRecallAccuracy: number,      // Percentage
  immediateRecallCorrect: number,       // Count
  immediateRecallIncorrect: number,     // Count
  immediateRecallTimeouts: number,      // Count
  immediateRecallMeanRT: number,        // Average RT for answered trials
  
  // Delayed recall
  delayedRecallAccuracy: number,
  delayedRecallCorrect: number,
  delayedRecallIncorrect: number,
  delayedRecallTimeouts: number,
  delayedRecallMeanRT: number,
  
  // Recognition
  recognitionAccuracy: number,
  recognitionCorrect: number,
  recognitionIncorrect: number,
  recognitionTimeouts: number,
  recognitionMeanRT: number,
  
  // Overall metrics
  overallAccuracy: number,              // Across all three phases
  overallMeanRT: number,
  
  // Consolidation metrics
  consolidationSlope: number,           // Delayed - Immediate accuracy
  consolidationSlopePercent: number,    // Percentage change
  forgettingRate: number,               // How much was forgotten
  
  // Trial data
  allTrials: array  // All per-trial data objects
}

8.2 Scoring Rules

Immediate & Delayed Recall Scoring:

Exact Match (Case-Insensitive):
- Response: "chair" | Target: "Chair" → Score: 1 ✅
- Response: "ELEPHANT" | Target: "Elephant" → Score: 1 ✅
Partial Match (Flexible):
- Response: "chairs" | Target: "Chair" → Score: 1 ✅ (plural acceptable)
- Response: "telephone" | Target: "Phone" → Score: 1 ✅ (synonym acceptable)
- Response: "mobile phone" | Target: "Phone" → Score: 1 ✅ (detailed acceptable)
Incorrect/No Match:
- Response: "table" | Target: "Chair" → Score: 0 ❌
- Response: "" (timeout) | Target: "Chair" → Score: 0 ❌
- Response: "furniture" | Target: "Chair" → Score: 0 ❌ (category not specific)
Spelling Errors (Flexible, Use Levenshtein Distance):
- Response: "elefant" | Target: "Elephant" → Score: 1 ✅ (close enough)
- Response: "chiar" | Target: "Chair" → Score: 1 ✅ (1-2 character difference)
- Response: "xyz" | Target: "Chair" → Score: 0 ❌ (too different)

Implementation Recommendation:

Use fuzzy matching algorithm:
- Exact match (case-insensitive) → Score: 1
- Levenshtein distance ≤ 2 → Score: 1
- Contains target as substring → Score: 1
- Otherwise → Score: 0

Recognition Scoring:

Simple binary:
- Selected correct option → Score: 1
- Selected distractor → Score: 0
- Timeout (no selection) → Score: 0

8.3 Derived Measures

1. Accuracy Rates:

Immediate Recall Accuracy (%) = 
  (Correct Immediate Recall / 35) × 100

Delayed Recall Accuracy (%) = 
  (Correct Delayed Recall / 35) × 100

Recognition Accuracy (%) = 
  (Correct Recognition / 35) × 100

Overall Accuracy (%) = 
  (Total Correct across all 3 phases / 105) × 100

2. Mean Reaction Times:

Immediate Recall Mean RT (ms) = 
  Sum of RTs for answered trials / Number of answered trials

Delayed Recall Mean RT (ms) = 
  Sum of RTs for answered trials / Number of answered trials

Recognition Mean RT (ms) = 
  Sum of RTs for answered trials / Number of answered trials

Overall Mean RT (ms) = 
  Sum of all RTs / Total answered trials

3. Consolidation Slope:

Absolute Change = 
  Delayed Recall Accuracy - Immediate Recall Accuracy

Percentage Change (%) = 
  ((Delayed - Immediate) / Immediate) × 100

Interpretation:
- Negative slope: Forgetting occurred (normal)
- Zero slope: Retention maintained
- Positive slope: Consolidation improved memory (rare)

4. Forgetting Rate:

Forgetting Rate (%) = 
  ((Immediate - Delayed) / Immediate) × 100

Example:
- Immediate: 80%
- Delayed: 60%
- Forgetting Rate: ((80-60)/80) × 100 = 25%

5. Recognition Advantage:

Recognition Advantage (%) = 
  Recognition Accuracy - Delayed Recall Accuracy

Interpretation:
- Positive value: Recognition easier than recall (expected)
- Large advantage (>20%): Items available but hard to retrieve
- Small advantage (<10%): Strong memory traces

9. Experimental Design Principles

9.1 Why This Design Works

1. Encoding Phase (Passive Viewing):

No response requirement allows pure focus on learning
Prevents interference from motor responses
Fixed timing ensures equal exposure for all participants
One-time exposure simulates real-world learning

2. Immediate Recall (Right After Learning):

Measures encoding strength and initial learning
Establishes baseline before forgetting occurs
Detects attention issues during encoding
Provides comparison point for delayed recall

3. Delay Interval (15 Minutes with Filler Tasks):

Allows memory consolidation to occur
Prevents rehearsal (active practicing)
Simulates natural forgetting conditions
Filler tasks occupy working memory

4. Delayed Recall (After Consolidation):

Measures true retention and long-term memory
Reveals forgetting rate compared to immediate recall
Tests whether consolidation strengthened or weakened memories
Clinically relevant for memory disorders

5. Recognition Phase (Multiple Choice):

Easier than recall - tests if memory exists but retrieval is hard
Distinguishes retrieval failure from complete memory loss
Provides ceiling check (very high recognition suggests good encoding)
Related distractors test discrimination ability

9.2 Counterbalancing & Randomization

What is RANDOMIZED:

✅ Recognition option positions (each trial)

What is NOT RANDOMIZED (Fixed Sequences):

❌ Encoding pair order
❌ Immediate recall cue order
❌ Delayed recall cue order
❌ Which item serves as cue vs target

Rationale:

Fixed sequences ensure standardized administration
Allow comparison across participants
Prevent order effects from confounding results
Enable precise measurement of specific pair difficulty

Age Group Differences:

Different stimulus sets (adolescent vs adult)
Different timing parameters
Different visual designs
Different instructions
Same overall structure and logic

10. Technical Implementation Notes

10.1 Visual Design Specifications

Adolescent Design:

Background: Linear gradient
- Top: #667eea (purple-blue)
- Bottom: #764ba2 (purple-pink)

Stimulus Box:
- Background: White (#FFFFFF)
- Border: None or subtle shadow
- Border-radius: 12px
- Padding: 24px
- Max-width: 600px
- Centered

Images:
- Size: 150-200px each
- Arrangement: Side-by-side with 20px gap
- Format: PNG with transparent background
- Style: Colorful, cartoonish, friendly

Typography:
- Font: Rounded sans-serif (e.g., Nunito, Quicksand)
- Instruction text: 18px, friendly tone
- Timer: 24px, bold

Buttons:
- Background: #4CAF50 (green)
- Border-radius: 24px
- Padding: 12px 32px
- Hover: Slight scale (1.05)

Adult Design:

Background: Solid neutral
- Color: #F5F5F5 (light gray)

Stimulus Box:
- Background: White (#FFFFFF)
- Border: 1px solid #E0E0E0
- Border-radius: 8px
- Padding: 32px
- Max-width: 600px
- Centered

Images:
- Size: 180-220px each
- Arrangement: Side-by-side with 24px gap
- Format: PNG, realistic/photographic
- Style: Clean, professional, high-quality

Typography:
- Font: Professional sans-serif (e.g., Inter, Roboto)
- Instruction text: 16px, formal tone
- Timer: 20px, regular weight

Buttons:
- Background: #2196F3 (blue)
- Border-radius: 4px
- Padding: 10px 24px
- Hover: Darken slightly

10.2 Responsive Design

Desktop (≥1024px):

Full layout as described
Images at maximum size
Horizontal option layout for recognition

Tablet (768px - 1023px):

Slightly smaller images (120-150px)
Maintain horizontal layout
Responsive button sizing

Mobile (≤767px):

Stack images vertically if needed
Smaller images (100-120px)
Full-width buttons
Recognition options may stack if needed

Minimum supported width: 345px

10.3 State Management Pattern

Application State:

{
  // Test configuration
  ageGroup: 'adolescent' | 'adult',
  participantId: string,
  
  // Current state
  currentPhase: 'intro' | 'encoding' | 'immediate_recall' | 
                'delay' | 'delayed_recall' | 'recognition' | 'complete',
  currentTrialIndex: number,  // 0-34
  
  // Phase completion flags
  encodingComplete: boolean,
  immediateRecallComplete: boolean,
  delayComplete: boolean,
  delayedRecallComplete: boolean,
  recognitionComplete: boolean,
  
  // Trial state
  trialStartTime: number | null,
  responseGiven: boolean,
  currentResponse: string | number | null,
  
  // Data collection
  trialData: array,  // All recorded trials
  sessionData: object,  // Summary metrics
  
  // Timing
  delayStartTime: number | null,
  delayElapsedTime: number  // Track during filler tasks
}

Trial State (Per Phase):

{
  // Current trial info
  cue: string,
  target: string,
  options: array | null,  // For recognition only
  optionPositions: array | null,
  
  // Response tracking
  responseStartTime: number,
  responseEndTime: number | null,
  participantInput: string | number | null,
  
  // Status flags
  isTimeout: boolean,
  isCorrect: boolean | null,  // Scored after response
  reactionTime: number | null
}

10.4 Animation & Transitions

Encoding Phase:

Pair appearance: Fade in (200ms)
Pair hold: Static display
Pair exit: Fade out (100ms)
Inter-stimulus: Blank (100-200ms)

Recall Phases:

Cue appearance: Fade in (150ms)
Input field: Always visible
Timeout message: Fade in (100ms), hold 1s, fade out (100ms)
Trial transition: Blank screen (200ms)

Recognition Phase:

Cue + options: Fade in simultaneously (200ms)
Option hover: Scale slightly (1.02) + shadow
Option selection: Light blue highlight (immediate)
Selection hold: 200ms
Timeout message: Same as recall
Trial transition: 200ms blank

General Guidelines:

Keep animations minimal and fast
Don't distract from cognitive task
Ensure smooth transitions
Avoid jarring cuts

10.5 Accessibility Considerations

Visual:

High contrast between text and background
Large, clear images
Readable font sizes (minimum 16px for body text)
Color-blind friendly (don't rely on color alone)

Motor:

Large click/tap targets (minimum 44×44px)
Keyboard navigation support
Support for Enter key to submit

Cognitive:

Clear, simple instructions
Consistent layout across trials
Visual timer (optional, can increase anxiety)
No unnecessary complexity

Technical:

Semantic HTML
ARIA labels where appropriate
Keyboard accessible
Screen reader friendly (though not primary audience)

10.6 Data Export Format

CSV Export (for statistical analysis):

participant_id,age_group,phase,trial_number,cue,target,response,accuracy,reaction_time,timed_out,timestamp
P001,adolescent,immediate_recall,1,Kite,Pen,pen,1,2345,false,1699123456789
P001,adolescent,immediate_recall,2,Butterfly,Spoon,spoon,1,3120,false,1699123460234
...

JSON Export (for detailed analysis):

{
  "participant_id": "P001",
  "age_group": "adolescent",
  "test_date": "2024-01-15T14:30:00Z",
  "summary": {
    "immediate_recall_accuracy": 82.86,
    "delayed_recall_accuracy": 68.57,
    "recognition_accuracy": 94.29,
    "consolidation_slope": -14.29,
    ...
  },
  "trials": [
    {
      "phase": "immediate_recall",
      "trial_number": 1,
      "cue": "Kite",
      "target": "Pen",
      "response": "pen",
      "accuracy": 1,
      "reaction_time": 2345,
      "timed_out": false,
      "timestamp": 1699123456789
    },
    ...
  ]
}

11. Quality Assurance & Validation

11.1 Pre-Testing Checklist

Timing Verification:

Encoding pairs display for exact duration (3.5s or 2.5s)
Recall phases allow exactly 15 seconds per trial
Recognition allows exactly 4 seconds per trial
Delay interval is exactly 15 minutes
"Time is up!" displays for exactly 1 second

Sequence Verification:

All 35 pairs appear during encoding in correct order
Immediate recall cues match specification (Section 5.1-5.2)
Delayed recall cues match specification (Section 5.3-5.4)
Recognition options match specification (Section 5.5-5.6)
Recognition positions are randomized each trial

Data Recording:

All trial data is saved correctly
Reaction times are accurate (milliseconds)
Timeout trials are marked correctly
Accuracy scoring works for exact and fuzzy matches
Summary metrics calculate correctly

UI/UX:

Images load properly and are visible
Text input works on all devices
Recognition buttons are tappable
Instructions display correctly for each age group
Responsive design works on mobile/tablet/desktop

11.2 Edge Cases to Test

Encoding Phase:

⚠️ Images fail to load → Show error, don't proceed
⚠️ Participant refreshes page → Cannot resume encoding, restart required

Recall Phases:

⚠️ Empty response submitted → Treat as incorrect (score 0)
⚠️ Very long response (>50 chars) → Accept but flag for review
⚠️ Special characters entered → Accept, clean during scoring
⚠️ Multiple spaces/punctuation → Trim and normalize

Recognition Phase:

⚠️ No option selected before timeout → Mark as timeout, score 0
⚠️ Participant clicks outside options → Ignore, wait for valid click
⚠️ Double-click on option → Accept first click only

Delay Interval:

⚠️ Filler tasks take longer than 15 minutes → Continue anyway, log actual time
⚠️ Participant takes break mid-filler → Pause timer if possible, log event
⚠️ Technical issue during delay → Log event, note in data

11.3 Data Validation Rules

Per-Trial Validation:

Required fields:
- trial_number (1-35)
- phase (valid phase name)
- cue (not empty)
- target (not empty)
- response (can be empty if timeout)
- accuracy (0 or 1)
- reaction_time (number or null)
- timed_out (boolean)
- timestamp (valid unix timestamp)

Logical checks:
- If timed_out = true, then reaction_time should be null
- If reaction_time exists, should be 0 < RT < response_window
- Accuracy should match response vs target comparison
- Trial numbers should be sequential 1-35 per phase

Session Validation:

- Total trials should be 105 (35 + 35 + 35)
- All accuracy percentages should be 0-100
- All reaction times should be positive numbers
- Delay duration should be close to 900 seconds (15 min)
- Test duration should be 20-60 minutes (reasonable range)

12. Error Handling & Recovery

12.1 Technical Errors

Image Loading Failure:

Detection: onerror event on <img> tag
Response: 
- Show placeholder with image name
- Log error
- Attempt to continue test
- Flag trial as "image_error" in data

Timer/Timing Errors:

Detection: setTimeout/setInterval failures
Response:
- Use fallback timing mechanism
- Log timing discrepancies
- Continue test
- Note in session data

Data Save Failure:

Detection: LocalStorage/API error
Response:
- Retry save operation (3 attempts)
- Show warning to participant
- Cache data in memory
- Attempt batch save at test end

12.2 Participant Errors

Accidental Refresh:

Detection: beforeunload event
Response:
- Show confirmation dialog
- If confirmed: allow refresh, lose progress
- If cancelled: prevent refresh, continue test
- Cannot resume mid-phase

Network Disconnection:

Detection: offline event
Response:
- Pause test if possible
- Show "connection lost" message
- Resume when reconnected
- Log disconnection duration

Browser Close:

Detection: beforeunload event
Response:
- Cannot prevent
- Data lost if not saved
- Participant must restart

12.3 Fallback Strategies

Missing Stimulus:

- Use placeholder image with text label
- Log warning
- Continue test
- Mark trials as "stimulus_missing"

Timing Drift:

- Use performance.now() for precision
- Recalibrate timers periodically
- Log actual vs intended timing
- Accept small variance (<50ms)

Incomplete Session:

- Save partial data
- Mark session as "incomplete"
- Record which phase was reached
- Allow restart if needed

13. Important Constraints & Rules

13.1 NEVER Do This

❌ Randomize encoding pair order
❌ Randomize recall cue sequences
❌ Show feedback on correctness during test
❌ Display scores or accuracy to participant
❌ Allow skipping of trials or phases
❌ Allow going back to previous trials
❌ Modify delay interval duration
❌ Use different timing for same age group
❌ Mix adolescent and adult stimulus sets
❌ Save data without participant consent
❌ Use localStorage without explaining data storage
❌ Show recognition options in same order every trial

13.2 ALWAYS Do This

✅ Follow exact trial sequences from specification
✅ Use precise timing for each phase
✅ Record all response data including timeouts
✅ Implement fuzzy matching for recall scoring
✅ Randomize recognition option positions
✅ Display "Time is up!" on timeout
✅ Show appropriate instructions for age group
✅ Use correct visual design for age group
✅ Validate data before saving
✅ Handle errors gracefully
✅ Provide clear participant instructions
✅ Test on multiple devices/browsers

13.3 Critical Success Factors

For Valid Scientific Data:

Standardized administration (same for all participants)
Precise timing (critical for reaction time accuracy)
Complete data recording (all trials, all phases)
Proper scoring (fuzzy matching for recall)
Accurate calculation of derived measures

For Good User Experience:

Clear instructions at each phase
Responsive design on all devices
Smooth transitions between trials
Appropriate pacing (not too fast/slow)
Minimal technical issues

For Reliable Results:

Fixed stimulus sequences (no randomization)
Exact 15-minute delay
Appropriate distractor selection
Proper consolidation slope calculation
Valid comparison between phases

14. Research & Clinical Applications

14.1 What This Test Reveals

Normal Performance Patterns:

Immediate recall: 60-85% accuracy
Delayed recall: 50-75% accuracy (10-20% drop)
Recognition: 80-95% accuracy
Consolidation slope: -10% to -20%

Strong Memory Profile:

High immediate recall (>85%)
Minimal forgetting (<10% drop)
Very high recognition (>95%)
Small or positive consolidation slope

Weak Encoding:

Low immediate recall (<50%)
Low delayed recall (proportional to immediate)
Moderate recognition (suggests encoding problem)
Similar performance across recall phases

Retrieval Deficit:

Moderate immediate recall (50-70%)
Poor delayed recall (>30% drop)
High recognition (>85%)
Large recognition advantage (>30%)

Rapid Forgetting:

Good immediate recall (>70%)
Poor delayed recall (<50%)
Negative consolidation slope (<-30%)
Moderate recognition

14.2 Clinical Populations

Useful for Assessing:

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Early Alzheimer's Disease
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Learning Disabilities
Memory complaints in aging
Effects of medications on memory

Sensitive to:

Hippocampal damage (affects encoding & consolidation)
Frontal lobe dysfunction (affects strategic encoding)
Temporal lobe issues (affects retrieval)
Normal aging (mild decline in delayed recall)

14.3 Advantages of This Test

Multiple Memory Processes: Tests encoding, retention, consolidation, recall, and recognition
Standardized: Fixed sequences allow comparison across studies
Ecologically Valid: Uses realistic stimuli (everyday objects)
Quantitative: Provides objective numeric scores
Brief: Completed in 35-40 minutes
Non-invasive: No physical/medical procedures
Repeatable: Can be administered multiple times (with different stimulus sets)

15. Development Workflow

15.1 Implementation Order

Phase 1: Foundation (Screens 1-2)

Introduction screen with age selection
Generic instruction screen
Basic state management setup

Phase 2: Encoding (Screen 3) 4. Encoding phase display 5. Image loading system 6. Automatic progression logic 7. Age-specific timing

Phase 3: Immediate Recall (Screens 4-5) 8. Cued recall screen layout 9. Text input handling 10. Timer implementation 11. Timeout message display 12. Response recording

Phase 4: Delay Interval (Screen 6) 13. Delay transition screen 14. Integration with filler tasks 15. 15-minute timer 16. Return transition

Phase 5: Delayed Recall (Screen 7) 17. Reuse recall components from Phase 3 18. Different trial sequence 19. Separate data recording

Phase 6: Recognition (Screen 8) 20. Recognition layout 21. Option randomization 22. Selection handling 23. 4-second timer 24. Response recording

Phase 7: Completion & Data (Screens 9-10) 25. Completion message 26. Data calculation engine 27. Summary metrics 28. Data export functionality

Phase 8: Polish 29. Error handling 30. Edge case management 31. Responsive design refinement 32. Performance optimization

15.2 Testing Strategy

Unit Testing:

Timing functions (accurate to ±50ms)
Scoring algorithms (fuzzy matching)
Data recording functions
Metric calculations

Integration Testing:

Phase transitions
Data flow between components
Timer coordination
State management

User Acceptance Testing:

Complete test runs with real participants
Multiple age groups
Different devices/browsers
Various network conditions

Performance Testing:

Image loading speed
Timer accuracy under load
Data save/retrieve speed
Memory usage (especially for long sessions)

15.3 Quality Metrics

Technical Quality:

Zero data loss events
<50ms timing variance
100% trial completion rate
<1% error rate

User Experience:

Clear instructions (tested with real users)
Smooth transitions
No confusion about task
Appropriate difficulty level

Data Quality:

Complete datasets (no missing trials)
Valid timestamps
Accurate reaction times
Proper scoring

16. Appendix: Quick Reference

16.1 Test Parameters Summary

Parameter	Adolescents	Adults
Encoding duration per pair	3.5 seconds	2.5 seconds
Recall response window	15 seconds	15 seconds
Recognition response window	4 seconds	4 seconds
Delay interval	15 minutes	15 minutes
Total pairs	35	35
Total trials	105	105
Estimated duration	35-40 min	35-40 min

16.2 Phase Summary

Phase	Duration	Trials	Response Required
Encoding	2-2.5 min	35 pairs	No
Immediate Recall	5-9 min	35	Yes (typing)
Delay Interval	15 min	N/A	Yes (filler tasks)
Delayed Recall	5-9 min	35	Yes (typing)
Recognition	2-3 min	35	Yes (selection)

16.3 Key Formulas

Accuracy (%) = (Correct / Total Answered) × 100

Mean RT (ms) = Sum of RTs / Number of Answered Trials

Consolidation Slope = Delayed Accuracy - Immediate Accuracy

Consolidation Slope (%) = ((Delayed - Immediate) / Immediate) × 100

Forgetting Rate (%) = ((Immediate - Delayed) / Immediate) × 100

Recognition Advantage = Recognition Accuracy - Delayed Accuracy

16.4 Critical Files Needed

Images:

70 unique images total (35 pairs × 2 age groups)
Format: PNG with transparent background
Size: 512×512px minimum
Naming: lowercase, no spaces (e.g., pen.png, kite.png)

Audio (Optional):

Timeout beep sound
Transition sounds
Format: MP3 or WAV

Data:

Trial sequences (JSON file)
Instructions text (JSON file)
Recognition distractors (JSON file)

17. Final Notes

17.1 Design Philosophy

This test is designed to be:

Scientifically rigorous: Standardized, validated measures
User-friendly: Clear instructions, appropriate pacing
Flexible: Works across age groups and populations
Reliable: Consistent administration and scoring
Comprehensive: Multiple memory processes assessed

17.2 Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Timing Drift: Use precise timers, test thoroughly
Inconsistent Scoring: Implement fuzzy matching correctly
Poor Instructions: Test with real participants first
Missing Data: Validate all saves
UI Confusion: Keep interface simple and clear
Technical Failures: Handle errors gracefully
Sequence Errors: Triple-check trial orders match specification

17.3 Success Checklist

Before deployment, verify:

✅ All 35 pairs display correctly for both age groups
✅ Timing is accurate within ±50ms
✅ All trial sequences match specification exactly
✅ Recognition positions are randomized
✅ Scoring works for exact and fuzzy matches
✅ Data is saved reliably
✅ Summary metrics calculate correctly
✅ Instructions are clear and age-appropriate
✅ UI works on mobile, tablet, and desktop
✅ Error handling is implemented
✅ Privacy/consent is addressed

Document Version: 1.0
Last Updated: 2024
Specification Source: Cognition - 3. Memory.pdf
Test Type: Visual Paired Associates Memory (VPAM) Test
Purpose: Comprehensive implementation guide for developers and researchers

55 KiB Raw Blame History Unescape Escape

Visual Paired Associates Memory (VPAM) Test - Complete Specification Document

1. Test Overview

1.1 Definition

1.2 Core Cognitive Abilities Measured

1.3 Test Structure Overview

2. Age Group Specifications

2.1 Adolescents (14-18 years)

2.2 Adults (18-22 years)

3. Test Phases - Detailed Breakdown

3.1 Phase 0: Introduction & Generic Instructions

3.2 Phase 1: Encoding Phase

3.3 Phase 2: Immediate Cued Recall

3.4 Phase 3: Delay Interval (15 Minutes)

3.5 Phase 4: Delayed Cued Recall

3.6 Phase 5: Recognition Phase

3.7 Completion & Thank You Screen

4. Stimulus Pairs - Complete Lists

4.1 Adolescent Stimulus Pairs (35 Pairs)

4.2 Adult Stimulus Pairs (35 Pairs)

5. Trial Sequences - Exact Order

5.1 Immediate Cued Recall - Adolescents

5.2 Immediate Cued Recall - Adults

5.3 Delayed Cued Recall - Adolescents

5.4 Delayed Cued Recall - Adults

5.5 Recognition Phase - Adolescents

5.6 Recognition Phase - Adults

6. Timing Specifications

6.1 Phase Timing Summary

6.2 Detailed Timing Flow

6.3 Total Test Duration

7. Response Handling & Input Methods

7.1 Encoding Phase

7.2 Recall Phases (Immediate & Delayed)

7.3 Recognition Phase

8. Scoring & Data Collection

8.1 Data Recording Structure

8.2 Scoring Rules

8.3 Derived Measures

9. Experimental Design Principles

9.1 Why This Design Works

9.2 Counterbalancing & Randomization

10. Technical Implementation Notes

10.1 Visual Design Specifications

10.2 Responsive Design

10.3 State Management Pattern

10.4 Animation & Transitions

10.5 Accessibility Considerations

10.6 Data Export Format

11. Quality Assurance & Validation

11.1 Pre-Testing Checklist

11.2 Edge Cases to Test

11.3 Data Validation Rules

12. Error Handling & Recovery

12.1 Technical Errors

12.2 Participant Errors

12.3 Fallback Strategies

13. Important Constraints & Rules

13.1 NEVER Do This

13.2 ALWAYS Do This

13.3 Critical Success Factors

14. Research & Clinical Applications

14.1 What This Test Reveals

14.2 Clinical Populations

14.3 Advantages of This Test

15. Development Workflow

15.1 Implementation Order

15.2 Testing Strategy

15.3 Quality Metrics

16. Appendix: Quick Reference

16.1 Test Parameters Summary

16.2 Phase Summary

16.3 Key Formulas

16.4 Critical Files Needed

17. Final Notes

17.1 Design Philosophy

17.2 Common Pitfalls to Avoid

17.3 Success Checklist

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